What does the prefix "hyper-" indicate in medical terminology?

The prefix "hyper-" in medical terminology signifies an excessive or greater-than-normal condition. It is commonly used to describe situations where there is an increase in function or quantity compared to what is considered normal. For instance, the term "hypertension" refers to high blood pressure, while "hyperthyroidism" indicates an overactive thyroid gland that produces too much hormone. Understanding this prefix is essential for interpreting various medical terms and conditions, as it directly informs you about the severity or extent of the medical issue being described.

The other prefixes denote different meanings: "under," "below," or "insufficient" relates to decreased conditions, while "normal" refers to typical functions. Similarly, "same" or "equal" prefixes would indicate parity rather than excess. Recognizing these distinctions is important for accurate communication in a medical setting.