What is the primary function of the retina?

The primary function of the retina is to detect light and convert it into neural signals. The retina is a thin layer of tissue located at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones, which are responsible for sensing light and color. When light enters the eye, it strikes the photoreceptors, triggering a biochemical process that converts the light into electrical signals. These signals are then sent through the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as visual images.

In contrast, while focusing light entering the eye is a crucial task, this is primarily the role of the lens and cornea. The regulation of light entering the eye is managed by the iris, which controls the size of the pupil. Protection from external damage is a function of the eyelids and other anatomical structures, but not of the retina itself. Understanding the specific roles of these different components is essential for grasping the overall function of the visual system.